Empowering Future Healthcare Leaders to Shape Planetary Health
The conference started with the opening speech of our Rector Prof. Dr. Hakan Abacıoğlu titled “Planetary Health and Shaping Sustainable ...
| Course Name |
Scientific Basis of Medicine II
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Code
|
Semester
|
Theory
(hour/week) |
Application/Lab
(hour/week) |
Local Credits
|
ECTS
|
|
SBM 102
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Spring
|
12
|
4
|
14
|
16
|
| Prerequisites |
None
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| Course Language |
English
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|||||
| Course Type |
Required
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|||||
| Course Level |
First Cycle
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| Mode of Delivery | face to face | |||||
| Teaching Methods and Techniques of the Course | DiscussionGroup WorkProblem SolvingCase StudyQ&AApplication: Experiment / Laboratory / WorkshopLecture / Presentation | |||||
| National Occupation Classification | - | |||||
| Course Coordinator | ||||||
| Course Lecturer(s) |
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| Assistant(s) | ||||||
| Course Objectives | The aim of this course is to learn the concept of homeostasis and homeostatic mechanisms and the homeostatic processes that maintain aerobic metabolism. In this context, the students will understand the properties of body fluids, the composition of blood and its functions, the structures and functions of the immune, cardiovascular, respiratory and urinary systems and the embryological developments of all these systems. The students will also learn the roles of these systems in fluid-electrolyte, acid-base and blood pressure homeostasis. The other goal is to understand the structures, functions and the embryological development of the digestive and endocrine systems; how digestion, absorption and metabolism of the nutrients, liquids, and electrolytes take place in the organism. The basic principles of metabolic and hormonal control mechanisms of these functions, as well as balanced and regular nutrition, the various functions of intestinal bacteria will also be learned. |
| Learning Outcomes |
The students who succeeded in this course;
|
| Course Description | This course will cover the structures and functions of blood, immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary, digestive and endocrine systems and their embryological developments, as well as the roles of these systems in fluid-electrolyte, acid-base and blood pressure homeostasis. |
| Related Sustainable Development Goals |
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Core Courses |
X
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| Major Area Courses | ||
| Supportive Courses | ||
| Media and Management Skills Courses | ||
| Transferable Skill Courses |
| Week | Subjects | Related Preparation |
| 1 | Introduction to the course, Body fluids, Blood composition | Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong. 2012, 3-10, 555 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Edition. 2016, Chapter 10, 270-291 - Rodwell VW, Bender DA, Botham RM, Kennelly PJ, Weil PA. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, Lange. 30th Ed, 2015. Chapter 50, 629-650 |
| 2 | Hematopoiesis, red blood cells, hemostasis RIM: Argumant analysis I & II | Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong. 2012, 556-569 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Edition. 2016, Chapter 10, 292-303 - Rodwell VW, Bender DA, Botham RM, Kennelly PJ, Weil PA. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 30th Ed, Lange. 2015. Chapter 51 and 52, 650-676 -Abbas, Lichtman, Pillai Cellular and Molecular Immunology 8th Ed Elsevier Saunders, 2015, Chapter 2 24-26 - Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th Edition. 2015, Chapter 22; 1242-1247. - Eaves CJ. Hematopoietic stem cells: concepts, definitions, and the new reality. Blood. 2015;125(17):2605-2613. |
| 3 | Immune system CIS - Blood | Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Edition. 2016, Chapter 14, 442-470 - Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th Edition. 2016, 163; 221; 331-332 - Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed. 2014, 71-173 -Abbas, Lichtman, Pillai Cellular and Molecular Immunology 8th Ed Elsevier Saunders 2015, Chap 1 1-12, Chap 2 13-24, 24-26, Chap 4 51, 63-66, 76-77, - Levinson Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology McGraw Hill, 2014, Chap 57 475-484 Chap 58 486-491, 500-502 Chap 60 516*518, Cjap 61 519-520. - Michael F. Murray, Mark W. Babyatsky, Monica A. Giovanni, Clinical Genomics: Practical Applications in Adult Patient Care. 2014, Chapter 31,32, 33, 38; 145-155; 175-179 (Access Medicine) - Emery’s Elements of Medical Genetics, 14th Edition. Peter Turnpenny, Sian Ellard, 2012, Chapter 13; 193-209. - Thompson & Thompson Genetics in Medicine, 8th Edition. 2016, Chapter 11; 201-213. |
| 4 | Respiratory system | Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed. 2014, 71-173 - Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Edition. 2015, 123-131; 139-230 - Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong. 2012, 621-666 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Edition. 2016, Chapter 19, 662-684 - Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th Edition. 2016 - Michael F. Murray, Mark W. Babyatsky, Monica A. Giovanni, Clinical Genomics: Practical Applications in Adult Patient Care. 2014, Chapter 116, 571-574 (Access Medicine) - Wong BW, Marsch E, Treps L, Baes M, Carmeliet P. Endothelial cell metabolism in health and disease: impact of hypoxia. EMBO J. 2017 Jun 21. |
| 5 | Respiratory system MIDTERM I | - Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed. 2014, 71-173 - Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Edition. 2015, 123-131; 139-230 - Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong. 2012, 621-666 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Edition. 2016, Chapter 19, 662-684 - Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th Edition. 2016 - Michael F. Murray, Mark W. Babyatsky, Monica A. Giovanni, Clinical Genomics: Practical Applications in Adult Patient Care. 2014, Chapter 116, 571-574 (Access Medicine) - Wong BW, Marsch E, Treps L, Baes M, Carmeliet P. Endothelial cell metabolism in health and disease: impact of hypoxia. EMBO J. 2017 Jun 21. |
| 6 | Heart and large vessels RIM: Individual and group reasoning I | - Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed. 2014, 71-173 -Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Edition. 2015, 123-131; 139-230 - Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong. 2012, 521-553 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Edition. 2016, Chapter 13, 404-430 - Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th Edition. 2016, 62-63; 283-334 - T.W. Sadler, Langman’s Medical Embryology, 13th Ed., 2015, 175-215 - Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th Edition. 2015, Chapter 19; 1050-1056. |
| 7 | Heart and large vessels Development of heart and vessels Fluid dynamics Electrical and mechanical processes of heart | - Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed. 2014, 71-173 -Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Edition. 2015, 123-131; 139-230 - Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong. 2012, 521-553 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Edition. 2016, Chapter 13, 404-430 - Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th Edition. 2016, 62-63; 283-334 - T.W. Sadler, Langman’s Medical Embryology, 13th Ed., 2015, 175-215 - Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th Edition. 2015, Chapter 19; 1050-1056. |
| 8 | Blood pressure, venous and capillary circulation Urinary system | Medical Physiology Ganong. Kim E. Barrett, 2012, 569-617 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Edition. 2016, Chapter 13, 404-430 |
| 9 | Urinary system | -Medical Physiology Ganong. Kim E. Barrett, 2012, 673-710 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Edition. 2016, Chapter 20, 698-724 - Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed. 2014, 181-313; 326-428 -Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Edition. 2015, 255-276; 277-394; 423-440; 441-519 - Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th Edition. 2016, 241-259 - T.W. Sadler, Langman’s Medical Embryology, 13th Ed., 2015, 250-261 -Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 30th Ed, Lange. Rodwell VW, Bender DA, Botham RM, Kennelly PJ, Weil PA. 2015. Chapter 28 (271-281) - Takasato M, Er PX, Becroft M, Vanslambrouck JM, Stanley EG, Elefanty AG, Little MH. Directing human embryonic stem cell differentiation towards a renal lineage generates a self-organizing kidney. Nat Cell Biol. 2014 Jan;16(1):118-26. |
| 10 | Acid-base, fluid-electrolyte balance RIM: Individual and group reasoning II CIS-Homeostasis MIDTERM II | - Medical Physiology Ganong. Kim E. Barrett, 2012, 711-719 - Mark’s Marks' essentials of medical biochemistry : a clinical approach / Lieberman M, Peet A. 2015 : Second edition. Chapter 2 (21-31) - Bertram G, Katzung, Anthony J Trevor, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, McGraw Hill Medical, 13th Ed, 2015, 41-55. |
| 11 | Digestive system RIM: Techniques to prepare a presentation | - Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong. 2012, 455-475 - Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed. 2014, 71-173; 181-313; 326-428; 820-973; 981-1051 -Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Edition. 2015, 123-131; 139-230; 255-276; 277-394; 837-854; 855-1114 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Edition. 2016, Chapter 16-17, 527-600 - Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th Edition. 2016, 209-214; 223-239 |
| 12 | Accessory digestive organs | - Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong. 2012, 497-518 - Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed. 2014, 181-313 -Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Edition. 2015, 255-276; 277-394 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Edition. 2016, Chapter 18, 626-651 - Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th Edition. 2016, 217-219 |
| 13 | Digestive hormones, Motility Carbohydrate digestion and absorption, energy metabolism RIM: Assessment | -.Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong2012, 477-480 - Rodwell VW, Bender DA, Botham RM, Kennelly PJ, Weil PA. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 30th Ed, Lange. 2015. Chapters 18-21 and 43, 44 (170-197, 517-525) -Jawetz Melnick&Adelbergs Medical Microbiology 26/E. Geo. Brooks, 2013 Chap 6 77-99 -Laposata M. Laboratory Medicine 2nd Ed. 2014 McGraw Hil,l Access Medicine, Chap 16 357-370, Chap 17 371-384 |
| 14 | Lipid digestion, absorption and metabolism MIDTERM III | - Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong. 2012, 483-495 - Rodwell VW, Bender DA, Botham RM, Kennelly PJ, Weil PA. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 30th Ed, Lange. 2015. Chapters 22-26 and 43 (207-265, 517-525) - Jawetz Melnick&Adelbergs Medical Microbiology 26/E. Geo. Brooks, 2013 Chap 6 77-99 -Laposata M. Laboratory Medicine 2nd Ed. 2014 McGraw Hil,l Access Medicine, Chap 16 357-370, Chap 17 371-384 - Harms M, Seale P. Brown and beige fat: development, function and therapeutic potential. Nat Med. 2013 Oct;19(10):1252-63. |
| 15 | Protein digestion, absorption and metabolism, hormones Metabolism in fasting and fed state CIS- Digestive system | - Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong. 2012, 481-483 - Rodwell VW, Bender DA, Botham RM, Kennelly PJ, Weil PA. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 30th Ed, Lange. 2015. Chapters 22-26 and 43 (207-265, 517-525) -Jawetz Melnick&Adelbergs Medical Microbiology 26/E. Geo. Brooks, 2013 Chap 6 77-99 -Laposata M. Laboratory Medicine 2nd Ed. 2014 McGraw Hil,l Access Medicine, Chap 16 357-370, Chap 17 371-384 |
| 16 | Endocrine system | - Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong. 2012, 299-451 - Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed. 2014, 820-973; 981-1051 -Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Edition. 2015, 837-854; 855-1114 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Edition. 2016, Chapter 21, 742-774 - Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th Edition. 2016, 168-171; 243-244; 259-260; 397 - Rodwell VW, Bender DA, Botham RM, Kennelly PJ, Weil PA. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 30th Ed, Lange. 2015. Chapter 41 and 42 (478-498) -Laposata M. Laboratory Medicine 2nd Ed. 2014 McGraw Hil,l Access Medicine, Chap 16 361-364, Chap 22 421-468 |
| 17 | Endocrine system, control of body weight, nutrition Flipped class: Adrenal hormones | - Kim E. Barrett, Medical Physiology Ganong. 2012, 299-451 - Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed. 2014, 820-973; 981-1051 -Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Gray's Anatomy for Students: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 3rd Edition. 2015, 837-854; 855-1114 - Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 6th Edition. 2016, Chapter 21, 742-774 - Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th Edition. 2016, 168-171; 243-244; 259-260; 397 - Rodwell VW, Bender DA, Botham RM, Kennelly PJ, Weil PA. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 30th Ed, Lange. 2015. Chapter 41 and 42 (478-498) -Laposata M. Laboratory Medicine 2nd Ed. 2014 McGraw Hil,l Access Medicine, Chap 16 361-364, Chap 22 421-468 |
| 18 | CIS: Hormones TBL: Metabolism General repetition MIDTERM IV |
| Course Notes/Textbooks |
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| Suggested Readings/Materials |
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| Semester Activities | Number | Weigthing |
| Participation | ||
| Laboratory / Application |
1
|
5
|
| Field Work | ||
| Quizzes / Studio Critiques | ||
| Portfolio |
1
|
5
|
| Homework / Assignments |
1
|
10
|
| Presentation / Jury | ||
| Project | ||
| Seminar / Workshop | ||
| Oral Exams | ||
| Midterm |
4
|
40
|
| Final Exam |
1
|
40
|
| Total |
| Weighting of Semester Activities on the Final Grade |
7
|
60
|
| Weighting of End-of-Semester Activities on the Final Grade |
1
|
40
|
| Total |
| Semester Activities | Number | Duration (Hours) | Workload |
|---|---|---|---|
| Theoretical Course Hours (Including exam week: 18 x total hours) |
18
|
12
|
216
|
| Laboratory / Application Hours (Including exam week: '.18.' x total hours) |
18
|
4
|
72
|
| Study Hours Out of Class |
16
|
5
|
80
|
| Field Work |
0
|
||
| Quizzes / Studio Critiques |
0
|
||
| Portfolio |
1
|
10
|
10
|
| Homework / Assignments |
1
|
10
|
10
|
| Presentation / Jury |
0
|
||
| Project |
0
|
||
| Seminar / Workshop |
0
|
||
| Oral Exam |
0
|
||
| Midterms |
4
|
15
|
60
|
| Final Exam |
1
|
20
|
20
|
| Total |
468
|
|
#
|
Program Competencies/Outcomes |
* Contribution Level
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|||||
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
|||
| 1 |
Knowledge of medical practices: Utilizes knowledge from basic and clinical medical sciences, epidemiology, biostatistics, biomedical informatics, and social and behavioral sciences to prevent, diagnose, treat, and manage medical problems. |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
X
|
|
| 2 |
Competence in professional skills: Competence in Professional Skills: Possesses the basic medical skills and attitude necessary for practicing the profession, understands personal limits, evaluates own performance, identifies areas needing improvement, and implements these improvements within a plan. |
-
|
-
|
X
|
-
|
-
|
|
| 3 |
Patient Management: Provides patient-centered, holistic, safe, reliable, fair, and evidence-based healthcare services, prioritizing the protection and promotion of health, especially for the primary health issues in the community. Seeks support from other healthcare professionals and institutions when necessary, following the referral chain. |
-
|
X
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
| 4 |
Patient and Employee Safety: Delivers healthcare services with consideration for the health and safety of both patients and healthcare workers throughout diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation processes. |
-
|
X
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
| 5 |
Planetary Health and Healthy Lifestyles: Considers the impact of the planet's resources on individual and community health in professional practices. Takes it as a duty to inform the public, promote healthy lifestyles, and eliminate factors that negatively affect health. |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
| 6 |
Information Management and Research: Explains the role and importance of scientific research and evidence in delivering high-quality and safe healthcare services. Analyzes health issues in the community using scientific methods. Utilizes information generated through research and accessed from accurate, reliable sources, by appropriately using information technologies, in evidence-based patient management processes. |
X
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
| 7 |
Adherence to Ethical Principles: Fulfills duties and responsibilities within the framework of ethical principles, rights, and legal obligations required by the profession, considering good medical practices and deontology principles. Recognizes ethical dilemmas and can analyze and make decisions accordingly. |
X
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
| 8 |
Professional Virtues: Avoids behaviors that could undermine public trust in the medical profession. Approaches patients with compassion, care, and empathy without discrimination, prioritizing their well-being over personal interests. Ensures the confidentiality and privacy of patient information. |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
| 9 |
Health Policies and Advocacy: Assesses the impact of health policies on the health indicators of individuals and communities. Advocates for the development of healthcare services in line with social reliability and responsibilities. |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
| 10 |
Protecting and Promoting Health as a Social Responsibility: Accepts the protection and promotion of community health as a social responsibility, identifies priority health issues in the community served, develops solutions, and provides health education and counseling services. |
-
|
-
|
-
|
X
|
-
|
|
| 11 |
Protecting and Promoting Health in Extraordinary Situations: Prioritizes the protection and promotion of individual and community health during extraordinary situations. Performs clinical and public health practices in a comprehensive and competent manner. |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
| 12 |
Healthy Physician - Healthy Community: Pays attention to personal health, hygiene, safety, and appearance. Explains and implements measures for maintaining health, strategies for coping with stress, and preventing burnout to maintain a healthy life. Sets an example for colleagues and the community through personal practices. |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
| 13 |
Change Management and Leadership: Systematically identifies issues and processes requiring change to provide high-quality, safe, and cost-effective healthcare services, along with the necessary resources. Acquires the skills to lead these changes effectively. |
-
|
-
|
X
|
-
|
-
|
|
| 14 |
Teamwork: Establishes positive communication with healthcare professionals and other occupational groups. Demonstrates effective feedback practices, adopts a supportive approach, understands and fulfills personal rights, duties, and responsibilities in a timely and appropriate manner, and takes on different team roles as needed. |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
| 15 |
Communication Skills: Effectively uses written, verbal, and non-verbal communication. |
-
|
-
|
X
|
-
|
-
|
|
| 16 |
Communication for Qualified and Safe Healthcare: Engages with patients, their families, healthcare professionals, other occupational groups, institutions, and organizations to minimize patient safety risks, enhance the quality of healthcare, in clear, understandable, and professionally appropriate communication while involving patients in decision-making processes, and considering potential differences and needs while providing necessary information. |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
| 17 |
Lifelong Learning: Uses self-assessment approaches to evaluate professional performance, identifies areas needing improvement, determines learning needs, and organizes personal learning processes to enhance professional knowledge and skills. |
-
|
-
|
X
|
-
|
-
|
|
*1 Lowest, 2 Low, 3 Average, 4 High, 5 Highest
The conference started with the opening speech of our Rector Prof. Dr. Hakan Abacıoğlu titled “Planetary Health and Shaping Sustainable ...
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